Leadership As A Leader And Sustaining Leadership Requires...

My definition of leadership is having the ability to empower, enable and influence others to achieve a specific goal through building relationships, respect and two-way communication. I as a leader work my best to empower others by giving them a level of decision-making autonomy that they (and I as a leader) are comfortable with. Then, of course, you must enable them by first understanding their strengths/weaknesses then providing them with the best tools to enhance their strengths and build up over their weaknesses over time. Being influential sometimes carries a negative connotation but it is all positive in leadership. Being able to encourage and motivate others toward a common goal leads to positive results. This is a very challenging task for a leader who often must deal with several unique personalities. I tend to agree with the criticism that Northouse (p. 31) lists which basically states that leadership is based on situations. Yes, certain traits play a significant role in grooming a leader but sustaining leadership requires experience. Those who have become great leaders were afforded the opportunity to do so and had some level of mentoring or training along the way. Although I do not consider myself a great leader, I do have the confidence to lead in many situations. That confidence is a direct result of the experience i have gained through leading. In my humble opinion, the only way to learn to lead is by getting on that horse and lead. What I value inShow MoreRelatedPersonal Leadership And Philosophy Style1574 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Leadership and Philosophy Style Four years ago I wrote my first â€Å"Personal Philosophy of Leadership† paper. The personal leadership style I identified with, at that time, was the democratic style. I had chosen this style of leadership because of the teamwork, constructive criticism, motivation, good communication, dedication, and good attitude attributes of the democratic style. Four years later, being present time, I have learned and experienced a great deal more about leadership stylesRead MoreMy Current Organization Of Higher Learning1339 Words   |  6 Pagesthinking with creativity and approaches, while fostering change and improvement through innovation. It also encourages the concept of excellence throughout based on systems with set goals of improving strategies, key measurement, benchmarking and leadership and management systems with a framework that is adaptable to the requirements of all organizations. Other key aspects to consider is cooperation and the sharing of best practices with part ners and stakeholders to facilitate the building of relationshipRead MoreJean Watson s Theory Of Caring843 Words   |  4 Pagesbest care possible. Within my philosophy also encompasses doing what is ethically right. Whether caring for others in leadership or patients, nurses have the ability to establish valuable relationships that develop trust and foster an ability to be caring and compassionate (Carroll, 2015). Although my nursing administrator experience is just beginning to bloom, my experience as a clinical coordinator and nurse liaison has helped me in shaping my philosophy and framework. Jean Watson’s theoryRead MoreOrganizational Theory and The Heart of Change Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesare the more progressive and individual centered approaches. The leadership characteristics that are important to successful change in an organization are those that are espoused in the transformational theory of management. It makes sense that ideals in line with the transformational management theory would be evident in a book about how to bring about positive change in an organization. Discussion A transformational leader essentially is about growth through change, about challenging theRead MoreEssay Discovering Your Authentic Leadership888 Words   |  4 PagesSwarbrick Course Title: Bus 212 Executive Leadership, Fall 2012 Article Title: Discovering Your Authentic Leadership Author(s): Bill George, Peter Sims, Andrew N. McLean, and Diana Mayer Journal: Harvard Business Review Publication Date: February 1, 2007 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Through Discovering Your Authentic Leadership, readers will learn that you do not have to be born with a specific characteristic or traits of what society views as a leader. Nor do you have to wait for a tap on theRead MoreThe Insurance Agency Implemented A Military Type Leadership Style1484 Words   |  6 Pageseach other requires commitment, communication, and a desire to improve all aspects of each individual’s daily activities. Cohesive and profitable organizations are rare and creating the type of organization previously depicted through the lens of espoused theories will require a significant amount of leadership and communication to accomplish. The previous owner of the insurance agency implemented a military type leadership style, based solely upon achieving realistic results through the measurementsRead MoreArticle Review on â€Å"How PG Tripled Its Innovation Success Rate†1073 Words   |  5 PagesAnthony, 2011). The two leaders in the innovation process, Leikhim and Goulait, worked with other PG leaders on certain key elements to build a successful growth factory (Brown Anthony, 2011). One of the key strategies was to create small teams that focused on specific markets and innovation strategies (Brown Anthony, 2011). PG explored many different directions in creating innovations; they list 4 types of innovations as sustaining, commercial, transformational-sustaining, and disruptive innovationRead MoreImportance Organizational Leadership Has on Companies Today1657 Words   |  7 Pagesabout organizational leadership, I was more enlightened on the value and importance organizational leadership has on companies today. The article discussed the significance of organizational leadership and how leaders can motivate their followers to accomplish corporate objectives and help them realize their full potential. More importantly understanding the organizational leadership theories can support the growth and development of leadership skills and identify potential leaders during the hiringRead MoreDemocratic Leadership Is Better And More Suitable Approach1575 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals and have chances to channel their creative ideas. Autocratic leadership with its dominant and authoritative style is more likely to cause counterproductive work behavior in millennials. Democratic leadership, which Millennials could participate more in the work discussion, is more effective to mentor, empower and develop these millennials workers. Therefore, to utilize maximum potentials of millennials, democratic leadership is better and more suitable approach. There are three main populationsRead MoreTransformational Leaders : Organizational Values, Aspirations, And Ethical Measurement1428 Words   |  6 PagesTransformational leaders set the organizational values, aspirations, and ethical measurements required. Additionally, the result of the transformational leader concerns them with creating growth of the follower. Developing the followers into leaders through coaching, directing, and raising their awareness levels to know or expect the unexpected and the overall issues of consequences. This development builds a collective future through the shared values of the leadership and the followership.

U.s. Department Of Homeland Security - 1261 Words

We cannot assume that we can prevent all acts of terror and therefore must also prepare to minimize the damage and recover from attacks that do occur. As September 11 showed and proved to us that we are not where we are supposed to be, the aftermath showed us how vulnerable we were. The Department of Homeland Security has made tremendous improvement since then to ensure the preparedness of our nation’s emergency response professionals, provide the federal government’s response, aid America’s recovery from terrorist attacks and natural disasters and foresight. War on Terrorism â€Å"War on terror is a misnomer. It would be like calling America’s involvement in World War II a â€Å"war on kamikazism.† Terrorism, like kamikazism, is a tactic,† Dinesh D’Souza, an Indian public speaker once noted. It goes without saying that terrorist actions do not appear suddenly, by someone’s unexpected insight. Actually, terrorism is a tactic that is built on the solid fundament of its inner complex philosophy. There are certainly a number of reasons for terrorism to live so long and escape diminishing, and these reasons, when adequately understood, first of all, and only then properly treated, may make the scale of terrorism reduce visibility. That is only a hypothesis, but this is clearly an issue worth of careful attention which does not close up in leading a war against terrorism. As D’Souza has remarkably specified, â€Å"this word combination has been already a kind of foolish†. In short,Show MoreRelatedU.s. De partment Of Homeland Security1668 Words   |  7 Pages1. Purpose Among one of the missions of The U.S. Department of Homeland Security is to protect and preserve the security of the Cyberspace in the country. The principal objective of this Security Plan is to give instructions and direction for the Department’s workers and help the Homeland Security to create best practices and strategies in the IT security system. 2. Scope This policy needs to be applied to all users, employees, contractors, suppliers and to all IT resources such as e-mails, filesRead MoreU.s. Department Of Homeland Security Essay778 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued a proposed rule, on December 30, 2015, entitled Retention of EB1, EB2, and EB3 Immigrant Workers and Program Improvements Affecting High-Skilled Nonimmigrant Workers. Included in the proposed rule is the long-awaited provision for the ability to obtain an employment authorization document (EAD) based on an approved form I-140, employer petition. Unfortunately, eligibility for this immigration benefit under the proposal is highly restrictiveRead MoreU.s. Department Of Homeland Security758 Words   |  4 PagesOn March 31, 2016, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) started a nationwide campaign to warn against the dangers faced by the U.S. utilities against the cyberattacks. Ac cording to DHS, there were an estimated 331 hacks or physical attacks against the U.S. power grid from 2011 to 2014. As of February 2016, they are occurring at a rate of once every 4 days. â€Å"A major cyberattack on the U.S. electric grid could cause over $1 trillion in economicRead MoreU.s. Department Of Homeland Security Essay1796 Words   |  8 Pagespower to decide whom to investigate, arrest, detain, charge, and prosecute. The Agencies may develop discretionary policies specific to the laws they are charged with enforcing, the population they serve, and the problem they face. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) may decide how to prioritize its resources in order to meet its stated enforcement goals that are set by the President. With executive unilateral powers the president, drafts policies without and sometimes over the objection ofRead MoreU.s. Federal Department Of Homeland Security1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe idea of the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security evolved into the biggest U.S. government reorganization in American history. Prior to the establishment of the Department, Americans increasingly became concerned about terrorism on our soil. This concern was triggered by the World Trade Center bombing in 1993, the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995 as well as the discovery of a bomb at the Atlanta Olympics in 1994. Additionally, it became more apparent to the Americans that terrorismRead MoreU.s. Department Of Homeland Security Programs And Practices1868 Words   |  8 Pagesbeen asked; given the amount of money spent on homeland security programs and practices, how should the United States measure the effectiveness of this spending? This question has been answered time and time again by the different agencies that fall underneath the department of Homeland Security. Since the creation of this department, in the shadow of the 9-11 attacks by the Al Qaida terrorist group in the United States, The Department of Homeland Security has stopped numerous attacks from occurringRead MoreThe Department Of Homeland Security1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe Department of Homeland Security The Department of Homeland Security is an agency made up of 22 different federal agencies which were combined in an effort to streamline the United States effectiveness in defending our nation. The core mission of the Department of Homeland Security include prevent terrorism and enhancing security, secure and manage our borders, enforce and administer our immigration laws, safeguard and secure cyberspace, ensure resilience to disasters (Department of Homeland SecurityRead MoreHomeland Security1085 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ AMERICAN MILITARY UNIVERSITY HOMELAND SECUIRTY Brittany Staley HLSS302: Paper #2 May 11, 2014 In the years since 9/11, homeland security has turn out to be frequently and generally identified as both a word and as a Federal department. However, a large amount has been learned since 9/11 concerning the array of further challenges we face. Hurricane Katrina strongly illustrates the general impact of weak preparedness andRead MoreHomeland Security And Homeland Defense1321 Words   |  6 Pagesin its security. The result of the tragic events was the establishment of homeland security. The White House, the federal government and the Congress joined together to establish it. On September 20, 2001, President George W. Bush issued an executive order 13228 to establish an Office of Homeland Security within the White House and assigning the Governor of Pennsylvania, Tom Ridge as its Director (Bullock, Haddow, Coppola, 2013, p. 4). Ever since, the United States (U.S.) Department of HomelandRead MoreHomeland Security And Homeland Defense1390 Words   |  6 Pages Many people think homeland security and homeland defense are the same thing, but that is incorrect. Both have played a role in keeping America safe, but after 9/11 that role expanded greatly. The U.S. was determined to prevent another catastrophic attack from unfolding while searching the globe for those responsible. In a world constantly evolving, our enemies and their tactics evolve with it. To effectively combat the incredible amount of threats America faces, many federal entities and mission

Political Philosophy and Brief Critical Evaluation Free Essays

Sample essay questions? 1. Describe Plato’s scheme for communism in the Republic. (Discuss each of the main features of this life-style. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Philosophy and Brief Critical Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now ) Which classes, according to Plato, should practice this way of living? What justification does Plato offer for advocating communism? Offer a brief critical evaluation of Plato’s communism. PHL 107 | study guide for exam 2 | page 4 2. (1) Briefly describe Plato’s allegory of the cave. 2) Then state how the allegory expresses Plato’s position on (a) the place of the Philosopher-Kings in Plato’s utopia, (b) Plato’s distinction between opinion and genuine knowledge (wisdom), and (c) Plato’s position on the motives of the Philosopher-Kings for ruling. 3. (1) What is Plato’s dualistic metaphysics? (2) How is this metaphysics expressed in the allegory of the cave? (3) How is it related to his position on the nature of the human person? 4. (1) What is Plato’s assessment of democracy, and (2) how is this linked to his theory of justice? 3) How might a contemporary defender of democracy respond to Plato? 5. What is the mimetic theory o f art? Did Plato invent this theory? Did he accept it? How is this theory related to Plato’s criticisms of the arts? 6. (1) What two reasons does Plato give for proposing to banish the arts from his Republic? (2) How is his position on the arts related (a) to his Theory of Ideas and (b) his position on the highest goal of human living? (3) Offer a brief critical evaluation of Plato’s position on the arts. . (1) What does Rawls mean by â€Å"the original position . . . under the veil of ignorance† and how does this serve as the basis for his theory of justice? (2) What are his two principles of justice? Explain the two principles.? (3) Offer a brief critical evaluation of his theory of justice. 8. (1) Starting with Rawls’ â€Å"original position . . . under the veil of ignorance,† do you think you would arrive at a principle or principles of justice similar to those of Rawls, or if different ones, which? Defend your position. (2) As part of your answer give a clear statement of what Rawls means by the â€Å"original position . . . under the veil of ignorance. † 9. (1) What is Aquinas’s causal argument for the existence of God (the 2nd of his five arguments)? Sketch the argument. (2) Critically evaluate the argument. What appears to be the weakest part of the argument? Do you think the argument can be defended in the face of this proposed weakness? Explain. 10. (1) What is the design argument for the existence of God? You may present either Aquinas’s (his 5th) or William Paley’s or the fine-tuning version of the argument (but only one). (2) Why does Darwin’s theory of evolution appear to undermine Aquinas and Paley’s version of the design argument? Why does Darwin’s theory not affect the fine-tuning argument? (3) Do you think that there is some way of salvaging the design argument in the face of Darwin’s theory? Defend your position. 11. Describe Hobbes’ â€Å"state of nature. † What kind of a concept is this — historical, empirical, anthropological, analytic? Explain. Offer your own critical evaluation of Hobbes’ notion of the state of nature? Do you think it is a useful concept? Is it true? Defend your position. 12. Hobbes argues that each person has the resources within themselves to overcome the state of nature.? (1) What are these resources and how do they help the person to overcome the state of nature? (2) But why, for Hobbes, are these internal resources insufficient? Why is a very strong sovereign also needed to overcome the state of nature? (3) What role does contract or covenant play in overcoming the state of nature? How to cite Political Philosophy and Brief Critical Evaluation, Essay examples

Romantic poetry and revolt Essay Example For Students

Romantic poetry and revolt Essay The beginning of the Romantic Age in English literature is usually taken as 1798, the year in which William Wordsmith and Samuel Taylor Coleridge published a book of their poems called Lyrical Ballads. The Romantic Age traditionally ended in 1832, with the death of Sir Walter Scott. But it is a mistake to assign any definite date to it. It was not a sudden outburst but the result of long and gradual growth and development. There was a natural revolt against the classical spirit of the eighteenth century which had given rise to artificiality in poetry, both in regard to subject matter and style. This spirit of revolt was accentuated by the French Revolution, with its cry for Liberty, Equality and Fraternity. What the Renaissance had done to the release of the human mind from the bondage of church and medieval scholasticism, the French Revolution did in large measure in the social and political spheres. The ideals of French Revolution inspired mens mind and inflamed their souls. The same unbridled imagination, the same glow of passion that had characterized Elizabethan literature was revived in the literature of the romantic period. Hence the literary movement as on the one hand a revolt against the classical creed of the eighteenth century, and on the other a revival of the Romantic spirit of the Elizabethan Age. Since the spirit of Elizabethan poetry was akin to that of the Elizabethan age, the Elizabethan literary forms and subjects were revived again- sonnet, lyric, ballad, blank verse, and the Spenserian stanza. The same fullness of imagination, richness of language, vastness of conception, lyricism, picturesquely, suggestiveness and sensuousness, which permeated the great Elizabethan works are found again in the literature, specially poetry in the Romantic Age. The Historical Background The American Revolution French Revolution: These two Revolutions (happened outside England) disturbed the basic values and structures of English society. Philosophically, the French Revolution seemed to signal the victory of ever more radical democratic principles than those enunciated in the American Declaration of Independence. Indeed, it was the most significant event of the romantic period. In English the Crown and the ruling classes feared the effects of the French Revolution from the beginning. But English liberals and radicals, who homeless had been calling for the demagnification of English society, saw in the early stages of the French Revolutionin the Declaration of the rights of Man and in the storming of the Pastille on July 14, 1789, to release imprisoned political prisonersa triumph of popular democracy. Among the enthusiastic supporters of the Revolution in its early stages were writers who would play a central role in English Romanticism. Wordsmith visited France during the summer of 1790 and was filled with hope and excitement as the country celebrated the first anniversary of the fall of the Pastille. William Godwin (1756-1836), a philosopher and novelist who exerted considerable influence on Wordsmith, Shelley, and other Romantic poets, predicted in An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice (1793) a peaceful version in England of what appeared to be happening in France. In The Spirit of the Age, Haziest Romano 3 sermon said that the French Revolution seemed at first to announce that a n been given to mans minds (WI). The sense of being present at some event of history was common at this time: hopes were high that man to see the end of the old world and the beginning of a new and Bette Wordsmith, looking back at this time over ten years later, gave expire must have been a widespread feeling at the outset of the French Rev pleasant exercise of hope and Joy, For great were the auxiliary which then stood Upon our side, we who were strong in love, Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive, But to be young was very heaven! (The prelude 1805. X 105-09) But the promise and expectation aroused by the early of the Revolute soon gave way to bitter disappointment as events took an increasingly repressive course. When revolutionary extremists gained control of t in 1792, they executed hundreds of the imprisoned nobility in what c now as the September Massacres. The reaction in England to the France was predicable. Even the most ardent supports of the Revolute disillusionment and despair. As Wordsmith expressed it in The Prep had changed a war of self-defense For one of conquest, losing sight of all Which they had struggled for: and mounted up, Openly in the view of earth and heaven, The scale of Liberty. (The Prelude 1805. X 206-11) During the years of violent political revolution and reaction for the spin another revolution was taking place throughout European society for growth. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution in England marked the beginning of the MO caused profound economic and social changes with which the existing structures of government were totally undermined. Important cities northern England that had previously been stable and orderly center developed into sprawling, dirty industrial cities. Working and living c these cities were terrible: women and children as well as men laborer under intolerable conditions, for wages that were barely enough to k Reports were not uncommon of young children being harnessed to c made to crawl on their hands and knees in the mines. Wordsmiths example, contained a number of figures whose undeserved suffering unfair and uncaring society. Blake pointed out the miseries of the Lo daily observation. In The Chimney Sweeper, he describes that the C been sold by his father to be a sweep when he is still so small that he utter the Sir at the beginning of words. He attempts to cry Sweep! S childlike voice turns out to be Weep! Weep! The double meanings of weep immediately give us a pathetic impression of the state of his s than ever England was sharply divided into two classes: a wealthy clay owners who held economic and political power, and a poor class of w prided of rights and possessions. In response to the rapidly changed society, Wordsmith shows his angers towards the sheer waste and sadness of life in his The World is too much with us The world is too much with us; late and soon, Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers: Little we see in Nature that is ours; We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon! 1-4) To the writers, the Romantic Age was a time of vast and unguided political and economic changes. Most of the writers of this period were deeply affected by the promise and subsequent disappointment of the French Revolution, and by the storing effects of the Industrial Revolution. In many ways, both direct and indirect, we can see the historical issue s reflected in the main literary concerns of Romantic poets. Hollandpoetryproject EssayGrowing into manhood Just in time to realism the full meaning of what seemed to be the failure of the democratic cause, they found themselves in a world which had emerged from the long strain of revolutionary excitement, exhausted but not satisfied. The old enthusiasms and hope had gone, and their collapse was followed here by apathy and indifference, there by he cynicism which often results from exploded idealism, and there again by the mood of bitter disappointment and aimless unrest. Such were the conditions which naturally weighed heavily upon the English poets who were born into the later revolutionary age. Yet every man will respond to the influences of his time in accordance with the peculiarities of his own genius and character; and, though the three chief poets of our younger revolutionary group, Byron, Shelley, and Keats, breathed the same atmosphere, and saw the same forces at work about them, nothing could well be more striking than the contrast between each and each in the laity and temper of their poetry. CONCLUSION The word Romantic has been used for so many purposes that it is impossible to confine it to any single meaning, still less to attempt a new definition of it. The Romantic Age in English Literature began in 1789 with Flakes Songs of Innocence or with the publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 and ended with the death of Keats and Shelley. In the Romantic Age we have five major poets- Wordsmith, Coleridge, Shelley, Byron and Keats. The essence of Romanticism was that literature must reflect all that is spontaneous and unaffected in nature and in man, and be free to allow its own fancy in its own way. This characteristic can be found in the work of Elizabethans who followed their own genius in opposition to all the laws of critics. In Coleridge we see this independence expressed in Kabul Khan and The Ancient Mariner, two dream pictures, one of the populous Orient, the other of the lonely sea. In Wordsmith this literary independence led him inward to the heart of common things. The Romantics won their triumph by confining their art to certain field of experience and excluding much less which has often belonged to poetry but did not really concern them. Such a process seem inevitable to the progress of poetry. The poet must do something new, but he cannot do it without casting aside what he thinks outworn. More than this, he must find the right means to say what concerns him most deeply, and since he is after all a limited human being, he rightly works in a field where he is at home and able to act freely. This is true of the Romantics, who began as revolutionaries in poetry, and were determined not to write like their predecessors of the eighteenth century. The result was their art, despite its range and variety, is confined within certain limits. In poetry they discovered many unknown tracts. The rural scene which appealed to Wordsmith, Coleridge moonlit mystery between sleep and walking, Shelley ecstatic contemplation of ideas, and Keats attempt to find the bliss of pure creation were subjects which few, if any, poets had attempted before. The romantics rejected or neglected many subjects in which other men might find wonderful magic, and it is significant that Byron, who did not share their beliefs, was able to compose a more varied poetry. The modern revolt against the romantics has been partly due to a conviction that they, with their cult of altitude and strangeness, did not write a realistic poetry of the world which they knew. They revived poetry by looking into themselves and isolating unusual experiences in their inner biographies. This turning inward was their answer to the previous age, with its insistence on the externalities of things and its lack of belief in the self. But we cannot complain that, by their devotion to mysteries of life the romantics failed to appreciate life itself. It would be hard to think of another man who combined, as Blake did, an extraordinary power of vision with the tenderness compassion for the outcast and oppression. Even so devoted a lover of physical nature as Keats came to see that a poet must not detach himself from mankind, but live in compassionate understanding of it. And this understanding has a new tenderness which is far removed from the aristocratic dignity of Augustan and the princely splendorous of the Elizabethans. In their attempts to understand man in the depths of his being, the Romantics were moved by convictions which gave a special humanity to their poetry. The essence of Romantic Poetry is that in catching the fleeting moment of Joy it opens the door to an eternal world. This characteristic differentiates Romantic Poets from those of classical antiquity and all who have followed their example. Romantic Poetry associated single sensible experiences with some undefined superior order of things and thereby enriched our appreciation of the familiar world and awakened a new awe and wonder at it. Such poetry is of course only one kind among many, and it rises from an outlook not shared by all men. If a society has ever existed which is completely content with what it has and asks for nothing else, it would not need such comfort as the romantics have to offer. But to all who are dissatisfied with a current order or a conventional scheme of this, this spirit brings not an anodyne but an inspiration. From discontent it moves to a vision of sublime state in which the temporal, without loosing its individuality, is related to the timeless, and the many defects of the given world are seen to irrelevant and insignificant in comparison with the mysterious which enclose it. The Romantic poets appeals to us because he does something which we cannot but respect. He believes that in exercising his imagination he creates life and adds to the IM of living experience. He wishes not to be a passive observer but an active agent in a world which exists by perpetual process of creation. He takes his part in this process by making men aware of the reality which sustains the changing visible scene and is the cause and explanation of everything that matters in it. We may not accept all his assumptions and conclusions, but we must admire the spirit in which he approaches his task, and admit that the problems which he seeks to solve must not be shrieked by anyone who wishes to understand the Universe in which they live.

Parents influence Essays - Childhood, Parenting,

Some people think parents influence their children because they spend much time with the children. But personally, I think some parents have problems to raise the children, and the surroundings around children influence them a lot. Therefore, I believe that parents are not the best teachers. Firstly, parents are not always have a right to raise the children. Some parents violate the children. It is a serious problem. Society has to protect the children from the parents. Sometimes, an official of children protection center visits the parents, and persuade not to violate them. In the worst case, parents and children have to live separately. Parents are not teachers any more in this case. Children also must not imitate such parents as them. Secondly, children do not have enough time to spend time with parents these days. Parents today work a lot. They go back home very late everyday. Many kindergartens open until late time. Some are until seven o?clock, and some are until ten o?clock whatsoever (and so on) . Parents go and bring the children at very late time. The reason kindergartens open late is the change of our society. In the old time, women stayed home. If they have a job, they work inside home. But nowadays, many women work outside. As a result, both parents return home to sleep. When children can make time to learn from the parents? Lastly, children are influenced by their surroundings. They go to school, play with the friends, and get familiar with many people. All of them are teachers for children. For example, children make friends in their school. Children learn how to make friends by themselves. In other words, other children teach it. Parents can not teach how to make friends in their home. Despite children are living with parents, we can not determine that parents are the best teachers. Therefore, I think that parents are not the best teachers. Some parents have very serious problems. Some can not have enough time to communicate with the children. Children are also influenced by other people to whom parents can not change. Altough parents are not the best teachers, they should strive to be the best teachers for their sweet children.

Free Essays on The Constitution

The Constitution of the United States of America is the base of how our government was formed. It's made up of several amendments, which states the rights of the people of the United States. It was drafted on September 17, 1787 by a group of men who we call today our "Founding Fathers". The Founding Father's opinions greatly influenced the make-up of the constitution. The First Amendment in the constitution, and one of the most important ones, states that congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, freedom of speech, the press or the right of the people to assemble. Our Founding Fathers opinions sometimes conflicted each other which caused tension when writing and signing the constitution. One particular difference several fathers had was the separation of church and state. Thomas Jefferson, a very intelligent and well-respected father, viewed that the separation of church and state was a must in order to have a stable government. In contrast John Dickinson vo ted against the separation of church and state saying that religion in schools was needed. He even refused to sign the Declaration of Independence because of that reason alone. In 1984 the Equal Access Act was put into action, which divided the church and state on a clearer line. It was passed after years of problems with the separation of church and state in public schools. The Equal Access Act says that a religious group must be initiated by students and have a voluntary attendance policy. It also says that a public school and its employees may not sponsor or participate but may pay incidental cost and be assigned solely to maintain discipline. The most controversial court case that has happened related to religious activities in schools occurred in the past year. In Santa Fe, Texas two religious families took the independent school district to court saying that it violated their first amendment after allowing a protestant prayer at a high school footbal... Free Essays on The Constitution Free Essays on The Constitution The Constitution of the United States of America is the base of how our government was formed. It's made up of several amendments, which states the rights of the people of the United States. It was drafted on September 17, 1787 by a group of men who we call today our "Founding Fathers". The Founding Father's opinions greatly influenced the make-up of the constitution. The First Amendment in the constitution, and one of the most important ones, states that congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, freedom of speech, the press or the right of the people to assemble. Our Founding Fathers opinions sometimes conflicted each other which caused tension when writing and signing the constitution. One particular difference several fathers had was the separation of church and state. Thomas Jefferson, a very intelligent and well-respected father, viewed that the separation of church and state was a must in order to have a stable government. In contrast John Dickinson vo ted against the separation of church and state saying that religion in schools was needed. He even refused to sign the Declaration of Independence because of that reason alone. In 1984 the Equal Access Act was put into action, which divided the church and state on a clearer line. It was passed after years of problems with the separation of church and state in public schools. The Equal Access Act says that a religious group must be initiated by students and have a voluntary attendance policy. It also says that a public school and its employees may not sponsor or participate but may pay incidental cost and be assigned solely to maintain discipline. The most controversial court case that has happened related to religious activities in schools occurred in the past year. In Santa Fe, Texas two religious families took the independent school district to court saying that it violated their first amendment after allowing a protestant prayer at a high school footbal...

Online class is better than in class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online class is better than in class - Essay Example One can decide the timing of their sessions and can also have the classes wherever they feel comfortable. With an in class, the timelines are specific, and it is for the learner to fix their schedule to fit the schedule of the school. With an online class, one chooses what is convenient for them. The model also saves on cost especially for the foreign students. Technology has made the world a global village and at the touch of a button, one can access services that would have cost a lot more to acquire. More students are enrolling for classes in the best schools in the world despite them not being in those countries where the schools are located. This is important as it facilitates the dissemination of information and imparting knowledge to a greater number that would otherwise not have afforded it. Studying overseas is expensive in terms of maintenance and transport costs, but with an online course this problem is solved. According to Scott Gibby, in the online class, the students become more knowledgeable (Gibby 174). In the in class, extension of classes is a challenge because most likely one would be interfering with another class. In the online class however, through the agreement of the course instructor and student, the class can be extended for the benefit of the student. The students in an online class take better advantage of the learning tools than students in the in class. In the long run, the students in an online class end up being knowledgeable. In the online class, every student participates actively in class. Critics of this model argue that this mode would affect the performance and esteem of the student. We find that in the in class, there are always students raising their hands to take part in the class discussions. In the online class, every student has to participate in the discussions. Those against the online classes state that forcing a student to take part in a class can be dangerous to their performance. In my opinion, the

Pediatric Module Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pediatric Module - Assignment Example Proteins are essential for body growth and tissue requirements in infants. There has been much debate over the years on how much proteins the body should take. For infants below 6 months, they should take 1-13gms, 6 momths-1 year- 0.75-14gms, 1-6 years-. 16-24 Gms (Swearingen, 2009). The estimated calories in a pre-term infant is 4.5 -4.9 kcal/g. This has been reached due to the fact that development of new tissues that is, growth and repair needs more energy intake. The estimated protein in pre-term infant is 1per kg per day. Proteins are very important for the normal growth and development. The lean body mass is dependent on the protein intake. Pre-term infants therefore, if given enough protein show levels of enhanced growth. Milk based formula-It contains cow milk as its protein source. It has a fat source which is oil, lactose as the carbohydrate source, a mix of vitamin and minerals. The rationale for use is when the baby shows signs of hunger. Examples is Similac Go and Grow and Entamil. Milk based formula-It contains cow milk as its protein source. It has a fat source which is oil, lactose as the carbohydrate source, a mix of vitamin and minerals. The rationale for use is when the baby shows signs of hunger. Examples are Similac Go and Grow and Entamil. Soy-based infant Formula-It was developed for infants who cannot take formula made form cow’s milk. It contains protein from soybean, oils from vegetables, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. The rationale for use is when the infants shows signs of hunger. Examples are; Enfamil R and Similac Go and Grow. Protein hydrolysate formula-This formula contains protein which has been broken down into smaller sizes than the ones found in cow’s milk. It is given to babies that cannot take either milk based formula or soy-based formula. It is used whenever the infants shows signs of hunger. Examples are; Similac and PurAmino. Elementa formula- This

Special Forces Responses to the New Type of Warfare Essay

Special Forces Responses to the New Type of Warfare - Essay Example Despite the fact that the US is affected by the new type of warfare much like other countries, the OCONUS area also presents a challenge for the Special Force in the sense that the UCP stipulation asserts that there is need for the Force to have an effective presence in this region if the new type of warfare is to be handled properly. For many years, the Special Force has had a presence in the OCONUS area but with a focus to protect the US. This has been reflected clearly in the UCP stipulation that limits the ability of the special forces to carry out activities that are created to prevent emerging threats and form strong relationships with foreign militaries that can help combat the new type warfare. This fact clearly shows that the Special Force needs to change tactics in order to operate effectively (Dinter Jr, 2001).The 9/11 attack brought about a change in consideration of terrorism from just a criminal attack to a new type of warfare on a worldwide level. Another issue of conc ern in the 21st century as a form of new warfare is resource characterized as economic-warfare. Such issues require the Special Force to change its tactics to deal with the new type warfare, which encompasses different issues as shown in this paper. For a long time, the Special Force has used a military strategy to infiltrate into hostile land, sea and or air to conduct a variety of operations, many of them classified to them. Most of the operations carried out by the Special Force are determined to tackle terrorism.

Concurrency Control In Distributed Database Systems Information Technology Essay

Concurrency Control In Distributed Database Systems Information Technology Essay Concurrency control is a very important issue in distributed database system design. This is because concurrency allows many transactions to be executing simultaneously such that collection of manipulated data item is left in a consistent state. Database concurrency control permits users to access a database in a multiprogrammed fashion while preserving the illusion that user is executing alone on a dedicated system. Besides, it produces the same effect and has the same output on the database as some serial execution of the same transaction. Concurrency control in distributed system is achieved by a program which is called scheduler. Scheduler help to order the operations of transaction in such a way that the resulting logs is serializable. There have two type of the concurrency control that are locking approach and non-locking approach. In term of locking approach, two-phase lock is widely used and purpose for centralized or distributed database system. Before distributed database systems accessing some part of database, it must adopt a locking mechanism such as each transaction has to obtain a lock. After that part is locked by other transaction, the access request will be block and the transaction who making reauest has to wait. Two-phase locking will cause the deadlock problem. This locking induces high communication cost because of the deadlock problem. Whereas in term of non-locking approach which is divided into two type which are Timestamp ordering (TO) and Serialization Graph Testing (SGT). Timestamp ordering utilizes unique transaction timestamp for determining the serialization order. It divided into three different modes that are basic, conservative and optimistic modes. For Serialization Graph Testing, it has been most attractive log class until 1987 because it is known as the largest known class of serializable logs. There are some limitations that can found in those two approaches. However, there are some solution that can used to solve the problem and will be discuss more detail in the below. 2. Type and the issue of concurrency control 2.1 Two -phase locking Two -phase locking is a widely used concurrency control technique to synchronize accesses to shared item. Each data item has a lock associated with it. The scheduler will first examine the associated lock before a transaction (T1) may access a data item. If there is no transaction holds the lock then the scheduler will obtains the lock on behalf of T1. When another transaction T2 hold the lock, the T1 has to wait until T2 to gives up the lock. The scheduler will give the T1 the lock after the T2 release the lock. Scheduler must ensure that there is only one transaction can hold the lock at a time and only one transaction can access data item at a time. They are two types of locks associate with data item that is read locks and write locks. Figure 1 below show that the transaction T1 and T2 follow the two-phase locking protocol. Figure 1: Transaction T1 and T2 with 2-phase locking protocol However, there is an important and unfortunate property of two-phase locking schedulers is that they are subject to deadlocks. For instances, the classic deadlock situation in which neither of two processes can proceed that is one must release a resource and the other one needs to proceed. Besides that, deadlock also arises when the transaction try to strengthen read locks to write locks. To ensure that there is no transaction is blocked forever, the scheduler needs a strategy for detecting the deadlock. In addition, two-phase locking is suffer from sensible delays due to a node needs to send message to all nodes and must receive acknowledgement from all nodes to discover a deadlock. The messages will exchange between nodes to get decision of transactions commit. The whole system will stop since not discover the deadlock immediately and a natural of distributed system make deadlock treatment very difficult. Moreover, the message that due to commit and deadlock treatment make high traffic on network which is makes need of special kind of networking. Time Figure 2: A spatial schedules of T1 and T2 in state of deadlock T1 wait for T2 to release read lock on y2 T3 wait for T1 to release read lock on x1 T2 wait for T3 to release read lock on z3 Figure 3: A wait-for graph for the spatial schedule of Figure 2 There are two type of graph that show as above which is a spatial schedule of T1 and T2 in the state of deadlock. Another graph show that the wait for graph for the spatial schedule of the figure 2 above. Each node of the graph represent the transaction, the edges represent the waiting for relationship. Furthermore, concurrency control also deals with starvation. The starvation occurs when a particular transaction consistently waits or restarted and never gets a chance to proceed further. In a deadlock resolution it is possible the same transaction may consistently be selected as victim and rolled-back. This type of limitation is inherent in all priority based scheduling mechanism. The wound-wait scheme a younger transaction may always be aborted by a long running older transaction which may create starvation. Besides that, the two phases in locking method also may cause to dirty read and cascading abort. The problem of dirty read is arises when assume T1 and T2 are executed interleave. For this condition, the T1 will get the exclusive locks for record. Supposedly, T1 release locks immediately after doing updates while T2 acquires that locks and does its update. If the T1 fail before it commits due to certain of reason, then it will return value to original value. T2 will continue to its execution with uncommitted data and this will cause an error on the system result. On the other hand, the problem of cascading abort arises when if a transaction aborts. There may have some other transaction already used data from an object that the aborted transaction modified it and unlocked it. If this happen, any such transaction will also have to be aborts. 2.2 Timestamp ordering technique Timestamp is a monotonically increasing variable indicating the age of an operation or a transaction. The larger of the timestamp values indicate that more recent event or operation. Timestamp ordering technique concurrency mechanism were considered suitable for distributed database systems since transaction to be rolled back can be determined locally at each site. It involves a unique transaction timestamps in place of conventional locks. This technique is based on the idea that an operation is allowed to proceed only if all the conflicting operations of older transaction have already been processed. For instance, when a transaction accesses an item the system will check whether the transaction is older than the last one which is accesses the item. If this is the case that transaction proceeds, otherwise ordering is violated and the transaction is aborted. Besides that, the serializability of the transaction is preserved and requires knowledge about which transaction are younger tha n the others. In the implementation of a distributed timing system, each site in the distributed system contains a local clock or a counter. This clock assumed to tick at least once between any two events. This event within the site is totally ordered. If the total ordering of event at different sites, it need to assigned a unique number to each site and the number is concatenated as least significant bits to the current value of local block. Moreover, each message contains the information about the local time of their site of origin at which the message is sent. There are many concurrency control method on timestamp ordering technique. One of the method is basic timestamp ordering (BTO) which is for each data item x, the largest timestamp of any write operation on data item x and the largest timestamp of any read operation on data item x which are denoted by R_TS (x) and W_TS (x) respectively. The basic timestamp ordering technique is easy to distribute and the transaction to be aborted will immediately be recognized when the operation are being scheduled. This type of method will not deal with deadlock problem because the locks are not used and operations are blocked. Hence, an atomic commitment mechanism is necessary to provide the reliability. 3. Improvement of issue concurrency control 3. 1Deadlock resolution The preceding implementation of two-phase locking makes the transaction to wait for unavailable locks. When the waiting is uncontrolled will cause a deadlock. The situation of deadlock can be characterized by wait-for graph, that graph indicates which transaction is waiting for which other transaction. There are three type of general technique are available for deadlock resolution that are deadlock detection, deadlock prevention and timeout strategies. 3.1.1 Deadlock Detection Deadlock detection is a transaction wait for each other in an uncontrolled manner and is only aborted if a deadlock occurs. It can be detected by explicitly constructing a wait-for graph and searching it for cycles. Victim which is one transaction on the cycle will abort when cycle is found and thereby breaking the deadlock. There are a few victim selection criteria will be consider. First is the Current Blocker, this current blocker will pick the transaction that blocked the most recently. Secondly, Random Blocker which is a process of picks a transaction at random from the participants in the deadlock cycle. Third is the Min Locks that is to pick a transaction that is holding the fewest locks. Fourth is the Youngest which is picked the transaction with the most recent initial startup time. Lastly is the Min Work and responsible to pick the transaction that has consumed the least amount of physical resources (CPU + I/O time) since it first began running. In order to minimize the cost of restarting the victim, usually the victim is based on the amount of resource that use by each of transaction on the cycle. Each of the two-phase lockings scheduler can be easily construct the waits-for graph based on the waits-for relationships local to that scheduler. But this is not efficient to characterize all deadlocks in the distributed system. To increase the efficiency, more global wait-for graphs have to combine with local waits-for graph. For the centralized two-phase locking will not have this type of problem since there only consist of one scheduler. In order to construct global waits-for graph, there consist of two techniques which are hierarchical and centralized deadlock detection. For the hierarchical deadlock detection, the database sites are organized into hierarchy with deadlock detector to each node of the hierarchy. Deadlock divided into many sites. Deadlock involve a single site are detected at that. Whereas deadlock involve more than two sites of the same region detected by the regional deadlock detector. On the other hand, one site is designated the deadlock detector in the centralized deadlock detection. Every few minutes, each scheduler has to send its local wait-for graph to the deadlock detector. Then the deadlock detector combines the local graph into a system wide waits-for graph by constructing the union of the local graph. Although both of the technique mention above differ in detail but it involve periodic transmission of local waits-for information to one or more deadlock detector sites. 3.1.2Deadlock Prevention Deadlock prevention is a cautious scheme in which transaction is restarted when the system is afraid that deadlock to be occurring. In the process of deadlock prevention, the scheduler will test the requesting transaction which is name (T1) and the transaction that currently owns by the lock (T2) when a lock request is denied. When T1 and T2 pass the test, T1 is permitted to wait for T2 as usual. Otherwise, one of the two is aborted. There are a few prevention algorithms that are Wound-Wait, Wait-Die, Immediate-Restart and Running Priority. In the Wait-Die prevention algorithm, if a lock request from transaction T1 leads to a conflict with another transaction T2, then T1 started time earlier than T2 and block the T1 otherwise will restarted T1. The deadlock prevention will know as nonpreemptive if T1 is restarted. By this technique deadlock are impossible since there is only one transaction can be blocked by a younger transaction. In the Wound-Wait algorithm, if T1 started running before T2 then restarted T2 otherwise blocked T1. This type of algorithm is known as preemptive which is older transaction run though the system by killing any one that they conflict with and continues waiting onlt for older conflicting transaction. The scheduler must ensure that T1 wait for T2 so that deadlock cannot occur. There is a better approach can be assign priorities to transaction and to test priorities to decide whether T1 can wait for T2. If T1 has the lower priority than T2 then T1 will wait for T2. When they have same priorities, T1 cannot wait for T2 or vice versa. This test will prevents the deadlock to occur since every edge in the waits-for graph T1 has a lower priority than T2. In addition, the Immediate-Restart algorithm also will overcome the deadlock by simply restart T1 since there is no transaction is ever blocked. Besides that, preordering of resources is a type of deadlock avoidance technique that used to avoid restarts altogether. It requires predeclaration of locks which mean that each transaction obtains all its locks before execution. The priority of transaction is the number of the highest number lock on it and the data item are numbered and each transaction request locks one at a time in numeric order. Although this techniques can avoid the deadlock occur but it forces locks to be obtained sequentially which is tends to increase response time. 3.1.3 Timeout strategic In the timeout strategic, a transaction whose lock request cannot be granted is simply placed in the blocked queue. When the wait time exceeds some threshold value then the transaction will restarted. Timeout will restart transaction that involves in deadlocks in the detection strategies whereas in prevention strategic it may also restarted some transaction that are not involved in any cycle. 3.2 Strict 2 Phase Locking (S2 PL) In order to prevent cascading problem and dirty read, Strict 2 Phase Locking mechanism is apply. The executed transaction holds all its lock to the every end until it is committed or aborts. For the dirty read, the executed transaction does not release any of exclusive locks until it commits or aborts. S2PL has important role in the two phase locking problems. In first time transaction it need a lock on a data item, acquires it and all locks of a transaction released together when the transaction terminates and has a few resource wasting. Figure 4 below show the S2PL mechanism. Figure 4: S2PL mechanism 3.3 Ordering by Serialization Number (OSN) method There exists a new method for concurrency control in distributed system which increases the level of concurrent execution of transaction and known as ordering by serialization number (OSN). The deadlock is prevented by this method since it works in the certifier mode and uses time interval technique in conjunction. In order to provide serializability, it combines with time interval technique with short term locks. Scheduler is distributed and the standard transaction execution policy is assumed. The read and write operations are issued continuously during transaction execution. The write operations are performed on the private copies of the data that issue by the transaction. The transaction is certified and its operation will applied to database when a validation test is passed by the transaction at the end of transaction. Otherwise, the transaction will restart if the test validation is not passed. To find the serialization number for a transaction, the largest serialization number of certified transaction will read item x. The largest serialization number of certified transaction which have written item x will record along the data item x which is known as RSN(x) and WSN(x). There consist of four types of short term locks in this OSN method that are R-lock, W-lock, Certified Read lock, Certified Write lock. The R-lock and W-lock normally used when read or write the data item. It responsible to protect the data item forms two conflicting operations of concurrent transaction. Whereas Certified Read lock (CR-lock) and Certified Write lock (CW-lock) are used during the validation test while a transaction is searching for a valid time interval. These lock are held until either the transactions operation are applied to the database or the transaction is aborted. The deadlock of short term locks is prevented by a few steps. Firstly, R-lock or W-lock is obtained at any order. Since transaction do not require any other lock before releasing a particular R-lock or W-lock deadlock does not appear. Secondly, employing the preordering for deadlock avoidance can prevent the deadlock of the CR-lock and CW-lock respectively. Although this method requires the access set of transaction to known in advance but this disadvantage eliminated in the OSN method. This is because CR-lock and CW-lock requires by the time of certification. Besides that, if a transaction requires both CR-lock and CW-lock on data item x the system will grants them both when both of these locks are requires at once. 4. Conclusion In this study, the performance of concurrency control protocol on top of a comprehensively modeled high-speed network is evaluated. It found that there exist of some issue within the concurrency protocol such as deadlock and starvation in the two-phase locking. The weaknesses that occur in another concurrency protocol that is timestamp ordering. By the way, there are also discussing about the effective way to make improvement of the concurrency control by using three types of deadlock resolution to solving the deadlock problem. The deadlock resolution included deadlock detection, deadlock prevention and timeout strategic. Furthermore, a precise definition of deadlock in term of existence interval of an edge is given and these help provide a better understanding of deadlock detection is distributed system. Besides, this paper also discuss the complete specification of a secure version of two phase locking protocol. The interaction between the protocol and the standard failure recovery procedures were discuss and modification to the commit and restart procedures were proposed. 5. Reference Abdou R. Ali and Hany M. Harb, Two Phase Locking Concurrency Control in Distributed Database with N-Tier architecture, 2004. S. M. Wu and D. L. Pan, FUTURE TREND ON CONCURRENCY CONTROL IN DISTRIBUTED DATABASES SYSTEM DESIGN , 1988. Sang H. Son and Rasikan David, Design and Analysis of A Secure Two-Phase Locking Protocol, 1994 Shapour Joudi Begdillo, Fariborz Mahmoudi and Mehdi Asadi, Improving Strict 2 Phase Locking (S2PL) in Transactions Concurrency Control, 2007 PHILIP A. BERNSTEIN AND NATHAN GOODMAN, Concurrency Control in Distributed Database Systems, June 1981 RAKESH AGRAWAL, MICHAEL J. CAREY, MEMBER, IEEE, AND LAWRENCE W. McVOY, The Performance of Alternative Strategies for Dealing with Deadlocks in Database Management Systems, 1987 UGUR HALICI AND ASUMAN DOGAC,MEMBER,IEEE, Concurrency Control in Distributed Databases Through Time Intervals and Short-Term Locks,1989

A General Model of Publication :: Publication Process Media SGML Essays

A General Model of Publication Although the medium and the material may differ vastly, essentially the same common process is always involved in publication (Fig. 1). For on-line publications this model makes it possible to automate many of the steps involved (see module on Automated document processing). Figure 1. A model for the publication process. The same general pattern of steps occurs whatever the publication and whatever the type of material involved. This model encompasses all the stages described earlier, but in a somewhat more formalized form. We can summarize the steps as follows: Submission The author submits material to the editor. Acquisition The publisher acquires material. Here we take this to include permissions. Details of the submission are recorded and an acknowledgment is sent to the author. Quality assurance The material is checked. Errors are referred back to the author for correction. Production The material is prepared for publication. This stage includes copy-editing, design, typesetting, printing and binding. Proofs are checked both by the author and editor and any typesetting errors are corrected. For books, an ISBN number is obtained. Distribution The publication is shipped to stores etc for sale. It is publicized so that people know that it is available. The Internet offers advantages for publications of all-kinds. These include:  ¡P  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  instant world-wide availability;  ¡P  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  publication features of the World-Wide Web;  ¡P  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  eliminating distribution costs;  ¡P  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  reducing production costs - no need to print "hard copy";  ¡P  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  potential world-wide audience; and  ¡P  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "niche"/special interest publishing becomes viable. The World Wide Web expands the traditional notion of a publication in several ways:  ¡P  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  it is possible to include multimedia elements;  ¡P  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  it is possible to include hyperlinks to information anywhere;  ¡P  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  it is possible to draw together information from many different sources;  ¡P  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hypermedia books are not limited to the traditional "linear" structure of printed books. They can, for instance, provide several alternative paths through a set of documents, or allow readers to pursue material to whatever depth they wish; and  ¡P  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  it diminishes the distinction between tradtitional text-oriented publications and other products, such as databases and on-line software. Legal issues Legal issues abound in the publishing business. Although legal issues are not dealt with in detail here the editor should make every effort to keep up to date with issues and changes. Each publication should be carefully checked to ensure that legal risks are minimized. Some of the legal matters involved in publishing include:  ¡P  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contracts Publishers always need to ensure the legal status of material that they publish.